Table of contents
Hotel Management System
A Hotel Management System is a software built to handle all online hotel activities easily and safely. This System will give the hotel management power and flexibility to manage the entire system from a single online portal. The system allows the manager to keep track of all the available rooms in the system as well as to book rooms and generate bills.
Features
We’ll focus on the following set of requirements while designing the Hotel Management System:
The system should support the booking of different room types like standard, deluxe, family suite, etc.
Guests should be able to search the room inventory and book any available room.
The system should be able to retrieve information, such as who booked a particular room, or what rooms were booked by a specific customer.
The system should allow customers to cancel their booking - and provide them with a full refund if the cancelation occurs before 24 hours of the check-in date.
The system should be able to send notifications whenever the booking is nearing the check-in or check-out date.
The system should maintain a room housekeeping log to keep track of all housekeeping tasks.
Any customer should be able to add room services and food items.
Customers can ask for different amenities.
The customers should be able to pay their bills through credit card, check or cash.
Rough Solution (LLD-Machine Coding)
public enum RoomStyle {
STANDARD, DELUXE, FAMILY_SUITE, BUSINESS_SUITE
}
public enum RoomStatus {
AVAILABLE, RESERVED, OCCUPIED, NOT_AVAILABLE, BEING_SERVICED, OTHER
}
public enum BookingStatus {
REQUESTED, PENDING, CONFIRMED, CHECKED_IN, CHECKED_OUT, CANCELLED, ABANDONED
}
public enum AccountStatus {
ACTIVE, CLOSED, CANCELED, BLACKLISTED, BLOCKED
}
public enum AccountType {
MEMBER, GUEST, MANAGER, RECEPTIONIST
}
public enum PaymentStatus {
UNPAID, PENDING, COMPLETED, FILLED, DECLINED, CANCELLED, ABANDONED, SETTLING, SETTLED, REFUNDED
}
javaCopy code// Enum classes remain the same
// Observer Pattern for notifications
interface Observer {
void update(String message);
}
class Guest implements Observer {
private String name;
private int totalRoomsCheckedIn;
public List<RoomBooking> getBookings() {
// return booking details
}
@Override
public void update(String message) {
System.out.println("Notification for Guest: " + name + ": " + message);
}
}
class SystemNotifier {
private List<Observer> observers = new ArrayList<>();
public void addObserver(Observer observer) {
observers.add(observer);
}
public void removeObserver(Observer observer) {
observers.remove(observer);
}
public void notifyObservers(String message) {
for (Observer observer : observers) {
observer.update(message);
}
}
}
// Factory Method Pattern for creating rooms and room services
abstract class RoomFactory {
public abstract Room createRoom(RoomStyle style, String roomNumber, double price, boolean isSmoking);
}
class DeluxeRoomFactory extends RoomFactory {
@Override
public Room createRoom(RoomStyle style, String roomNumber, double price, boolean isSmoking) {
return new Room(roomNumber, style, price, isSmoking);
}
}
class FamilySuiteRoomFactory extends RoomFactory {
@Override
public Room createRoom(RoomStyle style, String roomNumber, double price, boolean isSmoking) {
return new Room(roomNumber, style, price, isSmoking);
}
}
// Strategy Pattern for searching rooms
interface SearchStrategy {
List<Room> searchRooms(List<Room> rooms, RoomStyle style, Date startDate, int duration);
}
class RoomStyleSearchStrategy implements SearchStrategy {
@Override
public List<Room> searchRooms(List<Room> rooms, RoomStyle style, Date startDate, int duration) {
List<Room> result = new ArrayList<>();
for (Room room : rooms) {
if (room.getStyle() == style && room.isRoomAvailable()) {
result.add(room);
}
}
return result;
}
}
class RoomAvailabilitySearchStrategy implements SearchStrategy {
@Override
public List<Room> searchRooms(List<Room> rooms, RoomStyle style, Date startDate, int duration) {
List<Room> result = new ArrayList<>();
for (Room room : rooms) {
if (room.isRoomAvailable() && room.getStyle() == style) {
result.add(room);
}
}
return result;
}
}
// Command Pattern for handling room bookings and services
interface Command {
void execute();
}
class BookRoomCommand implements Command {
private RoomBooking booking;
public BookRoomCommand(RoomBooking booking) {
this.booking = booking;
}
@Override
public void execute() {
System.out.println("Booking room for reservation: " + booking.getReservationNumber());
booking.setStatus(BookingStatus.CONFIRMED);
}
}
class CancelBookingCommand implements Command {
private RoomBooking booking;
public CancelBookingCommand(RoomBooking booking) {
this.booking = booking;
}
@Override
public void execute() {
System.out.println("Cancelling booking for reservation: " + booking.getReservationNumber());
booking.setStatus(BookingStatus.CANCELLED);
}
}
// Template Method Pattern for Housekeeping and Room Service
abstract class RoomServiceTemplate {
public final void executeService(Room room) {
checkServiceAvailability();
performService(room);
addServiceCharge(room);
}
protected abstract void checkServiceAvailability();
protected abstract void performService(Room room);
protected abstract void addServiceCharge(Room room);
}
class HousekeepingService extends RoomServiceTemplate {
@Override
protected void checkServiceAvailability() {
System.out.println("Checking availability for housekeeping service.");
}
@Override
protected void performService(Room room) {
System.out.println("Performing housekeeping for room: " + room.getRoomNumber());
}
@Override
protected void addServiceCharge(Room room) {
System.out.println("Adding housekeeping charge to room: " + room.getRoomNumber());
}
}
class FoodService extends RoomServiceTemplate {
@Override
protected void checkServiceAvailability() {
System.out.println("Checking availability for food service.");
}
@Override
protected void performService(Room room) {
System.out.println("Serving food to room: " + room.getRoomNumber());
}
@Override
protected void addServiceCharge(Room room) {
System.out.println("Adding food service charge to room: " + room.getRoomNumber());
}
}
// Supporting Classes
public class Room {
private String roomNumber;
private RoomStyle style;
private RoomStatus status;
private double bookingPrice;
private boolean isSmoking;
public Room(String roomNumber, RoomStyle style, double bookingPrice, boolean isSmoking) {
this.roomNumber = roomNumber;
this.style = style;
this.bookingPrice = bookingPrice;
this.isSmoking = isSmoking;
this.status = RoomStatus.AVAILABLE;
}
public String getRoomNumber() {
return roomNumber;
}
public RoomStyle getStyle() {
return style;
}
public RoomStatus getStatus() {
return status;
}
public boolean isRoomAvailable() {
return status == RoomStatus.AVAILABLE;
}
public void checkIn() {
status = RoomStatus.OCCUPIED;
}
public void checkOut() {
status = RoomStatus.AVAILABLE;
}
}
public class RoomBooking {
private String reservationNumber;
private Date startDate;
private int durationInDays;
private BookingStatus status;
private Date checkin;
private Date checkout;
private Room room;
public RoomBooking(String reservationNumber, Room room, Date startDate, int durationInDays) {
this.reservationNumber = reservationNumber;
this.room = room;
this.startDate = startDate;
this.durationInDays = durationInDays;
this.status = BookingStatus.PENDING;
}
public String getReservationNumber() {
return reservationNumber;
}
public void setStatus(BookingStatus status) {
this.status = status;
}
}
// Main class for testing
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create rooms using Factory Pattern
RoomFactory deluxeFactory = new DeluxeRoomFactory();
Room room1 = deluxeFactory.createRoom(RoomStyle.DELUXE, "101", 200.0, false);
// Create room booking
RoomBooking booking1 = new RoomBooking("R123", room1, new Date(), 3);
// Create commands for booking and canceling
Command bookRoom = new BookRoomCommand(booking1);
Command cancelBooking = new CancelBookingCommand(booking1);
// Execute commands
bookRoom.execute();
cancelBooking.execute();
// Execute room service using Template Method Pattern
RoomServiceTemplate housekeeping = new HousekeepingService();
housekeeping.executeService(room1);
// System notification (Observer Pattern)
SystemNotifier notifier = new SystemNotifier();
Guest guest = new Guest(); // Observer
notifier.addObserver(guest);
notifier.notifyObservers("Your room booking is confirmed.");
}
}